What happens when immune system phenotypes between a male and a female are too similar?
I can tell you from experience: when the woman is impregnated, there is the possibility that her immune system will not recognize the developing foetus as a distinct human being (the combined inherited immune phenotype of the foetus are too similar to the mother’s).
The immune system, instead of labeling the foetus “pregnancy” labels it as “infection.” When the immune system classes the foetus as pregnancy, it produces a growth hormone that helps to protect and stimulate the growth of the foetus. When the immune system classes the foetus as infection, it spontaneously aborts the pregnancy.
Subsequent pregnancies are labeled as infections earlier and earlier, and the immune system develops more comprehensive and robust methods of attacking the “infection” and preventing it’s growth.
There are a handful of doctors who manage pregnancies for “pheno-match” couples. In my case, about twenty vials of my whole blood were processed to produce concentrated injections of ~my~ white blood cells. When our fertility doctor told us “go”, our pheno-match doctor injected my wife with my white blood cells … to send a strong “signal” to her immune system that another organism, not an infection, was present inside her.
The flood of white blood cells “fools” the immune system into recognizing the pregnancy as such, and labeling it as pregnancy.
Apparently, my wife had at least a dozen spontaneous miscarriages … and after the first one, never even realized that she’d been pregnant and miscarried. We were lucky, in that much more unassisted “effort” on our part could have left her completely incapable of having a child with me specifically, no matter what “fool the immune system” signals were sent.
Ultimately, the cost of a long string of such miscarriages is complete infertility with any partner (had we unknowingly continued to try, try again), because the immune system is typically adaptive – the usual sequence is for the immune system to finally install pre-emptive defenses to the class of infection that is actually pregnancy in these cases.
We are glad to now have two very normal sons, ages 15 and 13.
So there is an inherent natural cost to mating between pheno-matches, and the immune phenotype pheromones are, it would seem, usually effective in diverting those with closely matching immune phenotypes into other avenues of attraction and mating.