Pheromone Science
Issued US Patent
Pheromone Sciences Issued U.S. Patent on
Pheromone Sciences Corp (TSX-V: PHS) a
developer of fertility prediction medical devices for
both human and large animal applications, today
announced that the U.S. Patent Office has issued
patent No. 6,592,529 covering Pheromone’s
sensing and reporting technology in the early
prediction of ovulation for female mammals,
including humans, using innovative measurements
of sweat ion concentrations. Fertility prediction and
detection is of daily interest to the lives of millions
of women across the United States.
“This patent will serve as a valuable asset as we
work through licensing opportunities with potential
strategic partners in both the human and large
animal marketplaces”, remarked Christopher
Neuman, President and CEO of Pheromone
Sciences. “The patent recognizes the propriety
position of Pheromone’s unique technology for
ovulation detection through the non invasive
measurement of sweat ion constituents and
demonstrates our ongoing commitment to the
development of a comprehensive intellectual
property portfolio.”
Hormones and Behavior
*Volume 44, Issue 5, December 2003, Pages *
395-401
Psychological effects of subthreshold exposure to
the putative human pheromone
4,16-androstadien-3-one - Johan N. Lundström,
a, Miguel Gonçalvesb, Francisco Estevesb and
Mats J. Olssona, Department of Psychology,
Uppsala University, Uppsala: Sweden Universidade
Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon,
Portugal
Research on human putative pheromones has
recently focused on the effects of exposure to
4,16-androstadien-3-one (androstadienone). This
steroid has been observed in the skin, axillary hair,
and blood plasma, primarily in males. In addition to
effects of the steroid on measures of physiological
arousal and brain blood flow, positive mood effects
have also been reported. The current study further
investigated mood effects of androstadienone
exposure (250 M) in women in two experiments.
Through psychophysical testing of each individual
we controlled for whether any observed mood
effects could be related to sensory detection of the
steroid. In both experiments, we observed positive
changes of women’s feeling of being focused,
which could not be related to sensory detection of
the steroid. Overall, the patterns of results were
significantly correlated between the two
experiments. In conclusion, this study corroborates
earlier findings suggesting that androstadienone
exposure yields effects on women’s mood; the
feeling of being focused. The mood effects were
not dependent on menstrual cycle phase. Further,
these effects are replicable and occur also when
androstadienone detection is rigorously controlled
for across variation in menstrual cycle.y
- Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004
Nov;29(10):1290-9. Related Articles,
Links
Sniffing a human sex-steroid derived
compound affects mood and autonomic
arousal in a dose-dependent manner.
Bensafi M, Tsutsui T, Khan R, Levenson
RW, Sobel N.
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, 3210
Tolman Hall MC 1650, University of
California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
94720, USA. bensafi@uclink.berkeley.
edu
The effects of sniffing different
concentrations of the human sex-steroid
derived compound 4,16-androstadien-
3-one (AND) on autonomic nervous
system function and mood were
measured in 60 subjects. The effects
were sex-specific and concentration-
dependent. Only high concentrations of
AND (0.00625 M) increased positive
mood (p < 0.03) and decreased negative
mood (p < 0.05) in women compared to
men, and had sympathetic-like effects in
women (p < 0.003), and parasympathetic-
like effects in men (p < 0.05). These
findings further implicate AND in chemical
communication between humans, but
pose questions as to the path by which
AND is transduced, whether through
chemical sensing or transdermal
diffusion.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 15288708 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
Physiology Behavior 2001 Sep 1-15;
74(1-2):15-27. Related Articles, Links
Context-dependent effects of steroid
chemosignals on human physiology and
mood.
Jacob S, Hayreh DJ, McClintock MK.
Department of Psychology, University of
Chicago, 5730 South Woodlawn Avenue,
Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
We examined the physiological and
psychological effects of nanomolar
amounts of steroids applied directly
under the nose (Delta4,16-
**androstadien-3-one and **1,3,5,(10),16-
estratetraen-3-ol). These potential
human chemosignals were not
consciously discernible in a strong-odor
carrier (clove oil and propylene glycol). In
a double-blind, within-subject, repeated-
measures experiment with 65 subjects,
we demonstrated that both steroids
produced sustained changes in digit skin
temperature and palmar skin
conductance (an indicator of sympathetic
nervous system tone) while the subjects
were completing psychological
questionnaires or reading. These effects,
however, did not follow the sex-
stereotyped pattern predicted by a sex
attractant function. Both
androstadienone and estratetraenol
raised the skin temperature of men’s
hands and lowered it in women. Likewise,
each steroid increased skin
conductance, with a significantly greater
effect on women than men. Women’s
responses were observed only in the
sessions run by the male tester, an effect
that may or may not be solely attributable
to tester sex. Men’s responses, in
contrast, were not affected by this
difference in socioexperimental condition.
Similarly, women experienced an
immediate increase in positive mood only
in the presence of the male tester, while
men’s responses were unaffected by this
socioexperimental context. One source of
this sex difference may be the fact that
the majority of women were in the late
follicular phase of their menstrual cycle.
Although it is premature to classify these
steroids as pheromones, our data
suggest that they function as
chemosignals that modulate autonomic
nervous system tone as well as
psychological state.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 11564447 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
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