I thought I’d share a few tentative conclusions comparing biofeedback and brainwave entrainment. I think biofeedback is ultimately better in general.
Brainwave entrainment (binaural beats, isochronic tones, monaural beats, etc.) can “force” your brain into particular brain state. This is both good and bad. Binaural beats are the mildest, followed by monaural beats, pitch modulation, and isochronic tones. Michael Hutchinson, a key figure in the mind-machine industry in the 80’s (and now living poor, quadrapalegic, but describes himself as “extremely happy”) has some misgivings about brainwave entrainment, and is concerned that excessive brainwave entrainment could cause hypersynchrony or seizure kindling Of course, he’s not a scientist per-se, but the area is still a black box.
I personally believe I’ve experienced one of these “kindling” type events from using too many gamma waves. the experience was one of intense feeling or mania that came and went, coupled with a bit of a foggy feeling. I think it’s rare but still it’s something to keep in consideration. It would come and go randomly, like a brief seizure, getting gradually milder and milder. So obviously this stuff may have the potential to do very scary things, if not cause harm. Granted, I was using a “custom” setting and a fairly intense entrainment with “bursts” rather than a slow ramp (I learned my lesson). Obviously moderation is important here, but I think that scientists should investigate this phenomenon further, and possibly the government should consider wheather some of these “mind machines” or entrainment technologies aren’t some kind of drug or medical device.
Biofeedback, OTOH, is much more flexible and doesn’t force your brain into any particular state- you have to learn how to do that. OTOH, I have found brainwave entrainment can hamper certain biofeedback tasks, such as quickly raising or lowering skin conductance. Brainwave entrainment can “lock” your brain into a particular mental state moreso than biofeedback- I’ve noticed this effect for up to about 8-16 hours after a brainwave entrainment session. It makes it a little harder to raise or lower mental energy- lower entrainment make it harder to raise energy, higher entrainments make it harder to lower energy.
In the end, I think brainwave entrainment is not superior to traditional meditation (or what most people think of as traditional meditation- sitting and learning to accept feelings, thoughts, and sensations as they arise and pass away- there are many other meditation techniques), and many people are looking at it like some kind of shortcut. Shortcuts can have advantages, and often unexpected disadvantages and risks. A key part of alot of traditional meditation, anyways, is learnig to cultivate things within yourself (in the case of zazen- sitting and focused attention, it is partly learning to cultivate equanimity, realizing that sitting for an hour doing nothing is not necessarily boring). You may or may not necessarily learn that from binaural beats, or any other technology . But I think biofeedabck is better on the whole as far as technology goes.